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Seed processing can include several steps. After harvesting, milling removes weed seed and other impurities, and cleaning improves the condition of the seed by eliminating disease, fungi or other pathogens that may interfere with the ability to germinate and grow. Benefits of cleaning wheat seed Increases germination and yield: By removing small, shriveled, or broken seeds, cleaning ensures that only the most viable, plump kernels are planted, leading to a more vigorous crop stand. Reduces weed pressure: Seed cleaning removes weed seeds from the harvest, which helps control weeds in future crops and reduces the need for herbicides. Improves storage quality: By removing debris and broken kernels, cleaning minimizes "hot spots" in storage bins that can lead to moisture buildup, mold, and insect infestations. Protects equipment: Removing rocks, dirt, and other large debris protects downstream processing and planting equipment from damage.

Seed Treatments, primarily fungicides and insecticides, are used to protect the seed from seedling plant diseases and insects. As the traits of transgenic seed varieties and hybrids becomes more valuable, it is critical to protect that investment with seed treatments.

After processing and treating are completed seeds are packaged into containers of specified new weight. Packaging or bagging is essentially the last operation in which seeds are handled.

Proper storage of seed is vital to conserving its vigor and vitality. Seeds can last from a few years to centuries, depending on the species and the storage conditions. In general, most seeds stored in cool, dry conditions will survive longer than seeds stored in a wet, warm environment.